Timeline Of An Eviction

There are good tenants and bad ones, just as there’re good landlords and bad ones. In Utah, the legal term for an eviction is an unlawful detainer suit. Landlords wishing to evict a tenant must go through a formal process and obtain a court order before they can have a tenant evicted. Any attempts to evict a tenant without a court order are illegal. Actions like turning off utilities or changing the locks without a court order are known as self-help evictions, and they could result in a lawsuit being successfully filed against you. Before landlords can file an eviction suit, the law requires you to provide 3-days notice to tenants to correct a deficiency or leave the premises.

Generally, the eviction process in Utah takes just a matter of days or weeks from the time the landlord files the lawsuit to the time the tenant is out of the property. 11 to 28 days is common, provided that the process has been followed correctly. If the tenant contests the eviction, it could take longer.

Utah is among the more landlord-friendly states. Courts in Utah normally award triple damages (minus attorney’s fees) to landlords in the event of an eviction especially for past due rent payments. However, it can be very difficult to actually collect on a judgment from an evicted tenant if they have few assets in their name to collect against.

Reasons to evict a tenant

 Common reasons for evictions in Utah include non-payment of rent and material violation of lease terms.

 Landlords can also file nuisance evictions due to suspected criminal activity on the premises, loud parties, rowdy behavior, gambling, and the like. The landlord must sufficiently demonstrate to the courts that the tenant has been causing a nuisance.

 You cannot evict unless you have a court order authorizing you to take possession of the property. You can’t evict if you are illegally discriminating against a protected class. The Fair Housing Act prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and pregnancy. If you evict someone for a lease violation, the tenant may challenge the eviction and present evidence that they were, in fact, in compliance with the lease, or that they corrected the deficiency within 3-days. As a landlord, it is important to make sure there’s nothing that can be used against you in court. The eviction case could fail if the judge finds you in violation of the landlord-tenant lease. Before proceeding with the eviction process, ensure you were acting in accordance with the following laws:

According to the Law, Landlords should
• Maintain a habitable living space, by conducting all feasible and relevant repairs
• Maintain common areas, in a manner that guarantees safety and sanitary conditions
• Maintain electrical systems, plumbing, heating, and hot and cold water
• Follow the applicable local eviction procedures
• Maintain any air conditioning system in an operable condition
• Comply with all relevant building, safety, health, and housing codes

In some cases, the Law also allows tenants to repair any problems and deduct the cost of the repair from their rent. Remember, the renter will also be given a chance to present their case during the eviction proceedings.

Eviction Process

Every part of the eviction process must be followed exactly or a landlord risks delaying the process, potentially allowing a renter to continue living on his property rent free. If, a landlord takes any illegal eviction steps, he could end up owing his renters money. Illegal eviction tactics include changing the locks or raising the rent with the intent of pricing them out of the rent and making them move.

Notice Period

Before filing an eviction a landlord needs to provide notice to his tenants regarding the reason a lease agreement has been terminated and the tenant needs to move. These notices include a Pay Rent or Quit, Cure or Quit Notice, or an Unconditional Quit Notice. Typically the reason for the notice dictates how much time you must give the tenant to correct the situation or vacate the property before filing for eviction. Some notices can provide as little as 3 business days for the tenant to pay rent or vacate, while other notices may require more than two weeks.

Filing The Eviction Lawsuit

If your tenant fails to vacate the property after having provided them with proper notice, the next step is to file an eviction lawsuit. Once eviction paperwork is drafted according to your state’s guidelines, the eviction lawsuit is filed with the court and the clerk of the court must issue a summons for each of the defendants.

Serving The Eviction Lawsuit

A notice for eviction must be served according to state laws. Some states allow a landlord to serve the eviction paperwork directly to the tenant. Alternatively you can hire a professional process server to serve the tenant their eviction paperwork if your state allows it. Some states allow you to post an eviction notice to the premise and mail a copy to the renters as a last resort if all other service attempts have failed. An eviction lawsuit usually has two main purposes:

 To obtain a judgment for any amounts owed under the contract, and;
 To regain physical possession of the property

Tenant’s Opportunity To Respond

After being notified of the pending court case, the tenant has the right to challenge the eviction. While that commonly consists of a sweeping denial of whatever they are accused of doing, the tenant also can raise defenses at this time. That means challenges to the habitability of the unit, failure to make repairs or unfair treatment. If the tenant has made a reasonable sounding denial, the landlord must then go to court and prove each aspect of the eviction claim. A landlord should have excellent records and support to disprove any claims made by the renter.

Setting A Court Date

Consider working with an attorney familiar with your local landlord tenant laws. They can review the pleadings and determine whether you might have a defense and advise you accordingly. If you have sufficient evidence of a breach of contract by the tenant and that all tenant claims are false or unsubstantial it is highly likely that the Court will sign a judgment and issue an order for a writ. The Writ of Possession is the court order executed by a law to remove a tenant and their belongings on a set date.

Delivering And Executing The Writ Of Possession

Assuming that the court found in the landlord’s favor, the court will issue a document called a Writ of Possession, which provides that the landlord now has the right to possession and directs the county sheriff to evict the tenant from the premises. The landlord must deliver the writ to the Officer, who then posts a notice to vacate on the premises.

After the applicable period, the Officer will come back, and this time he’ll do a civil standby while your landlord and helpers actually move your stuff out. If you tell them they have to transport and store your personal property somewhere safe and secure. They can make you pay to get your stuff back from storage, so this is not a great option.

The Timeline

From the day the tenant receives a notice to quit to the day they are removed from the property anywhere from 3 to 9 months may elapse. So much of eviction process depends on how aggressively the landlord pushes the matter and how vigorously the tenant defends it. When the landlord charges ahead and the tenant puts up no resistance the whole process may only take a couple months. On the other hand when a tenant digs in their heels and the landlord does not force the issue the case may linger for much longer. Failing to provide the correct eviction notice may lead to dismissal of your case. Ignorance of the tenant/landlord law is not a defense, and many local judges have a zero tolerance approach to infringements.

Dealing with an Evicted Tenant’s Property in Utah

You should have a crew of people ready when the sheriff arrives to carry out the eviction process. Have tarps, boxes, and bags on hand. Sometimes the tenant leaves some personal property behind in the rental unit. If that happens, the law enforcement officer should put the property in a safe location or storage. The officer will then notify the tenant of the property.

The tenant has 5-days to retrieve the property without paying anything. Otherwise, the landlord is allowed to donate or sell the property after 15 days. The period can however, be extended for further 15 days in certain conditions.

Rights and Responsibilities of Tenants When Signing a Lease Agreement
Lease is a legally binding contract between you and your landlord. Under a typical lease, a landlord can’t force you to move out of your rental apartment, unless you repeatedly violate any of the lease terms. The landlord must take specific procedures to bring to an end the tenancy. Should a tenant cause substantial damage to the property, landlords may give them an unconditional quit notice.

When a tenant breaks a lease, the law obligates them to continue paying the rent for the full lease term, regardless of whether they continue to live in the rental unit. In some cases, you are no longer obligated to pay rent, even if the lease term hasn’t expired yet. For example:

 The Rental Unit is Unfit: If your landlord fails to adhere to the requirements of the local and state housing codes, it’s considered a violation of your rights under laws. In court, a judge may rule in your favor by declaring that you have been constructively evicted from the property.
 Military Deployment: You also have the right to break a signed lease if you enter active military service afterward.
 Your Landlord Violates Your Privacy Rights or Harasses You: In Utah, it’s illegal for the landlord to alter the terms of the lease agreement before the end of the existing lease term unless it’s explicitly permitted in the lease. If the landlord harasses you, attempts to enter the rental unit, or makes attempts to access the rental unit for reasons which aren’t legal, you can break the lease. Before you do so, get a restraining order against the landlord first. Should the landlord continue with their attempts to access your rental unit even after that, you’re free to provide a notice to break the lease.

 The Apartment is Illegal: If you find out that the apartment you’re renting is, in fact, illegal, you won’t face any penalty for breaking your lease agreement. You may be entitled to a portion of the total rent you’ve paid during the course of your tenancy. The landlord may also be compelled to help you get a new rental property.

 You are a Victim of Domestic Violence: Under state law, tenants who have been victims of domestic violence have the right to end their tenancy without facing any financial or legal repercussions. Specific conditions must be met, however, such as proof of the act of domestic violence, police report and copy of an order of protection.

If you’re leaving the unit for any reason, your landlord is required to find a replacement tenant as soon as possible. This means that you may end up paying only a portion of the rent due for the remaining lease term. In re-renting the unit, the landlord cannot relax standards for accepting tenants. However, the landlord can add legitimate expenses to your bills, such as the costs of screening a new tenant, advertising the property and the like.

If the landlord is unable to re-rent the unit quickly, you will be liable to pay the due rent for the remainder of the lease term. That’s why it’s important that you also help your landlord find a new tenant.

How to Minimize Your Financial Liability

Assuming you don’t have any legal justification to break the lease but you still want to, it’s important to consider your options carefully, as follows.
• Check if your landlord or property management company has another property available in the area where you can move.
• Check if it’s possible to move into another property within the same building. This can be an easy and attractive option if your reason for moving is the need to get more room, or conversely you need to downsize.
• Talk to the landlord about your situation. Be concise and clear about your circumstances. Sometimes the reason for leaving could be an issue with your neighbor.
• Offer the landlord a qualified replacement tenant.

Many times, doing your homework to select and properly qualified renter will help you avoid an eviction down the road. If the unfortunate ultimately happens, be sure to follow all rules and procedures. The rules may appear burdensome to you but they’re there for a reason.

Eviction Lawyer Free Consultation

When you need legal help with an eviction in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.

Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
Telephone: (801) 676-5506

Ascent Law LLC

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Brady Handgun Violence Protection Act

On November 30, 1993, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was enacted, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. The Brady Law imposed as an interim measure a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applies only in states without an acceptable alternate system of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. The interim provisions of the Brady Law became effective on February 28, 1994, and ceased to apply on November 30, 1998.

While the interim provisions of the Brady Law apply only to handguns, the permanent provisions of the Brady Law apply to all firearms. Brady Law, in full Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, U.S. legislation, adopted in 1993, that imposed an interim five-day waiting period for the purchase of a handgun until 1998, when federally licensed dealers would be required to use a federal National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) to conduct background checks on individuals purchasing any firearm. Before the measure became law, it was popularly known as the Brady bill, named for James Brady, the White House press secretary who was seriously injured in an attempted assassination of Pres. Ronald Reagan in 1981. Brady confined to a wheelchair and unable to resume his duties, campaigned vigorously for the bill, despite fierce opposition from the National Rifle Association (NRA), one of Washington’s most-formidable interest groups. The waiting period went into effect on February 28, 1994. As originally written, the Brady Law required state and local law-enforcement officials to perform background checks during the five-day waiting period. That provision, however, was struck down by the Supreme Court in Printz v. United States (1997). The NCIS was created by by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and became operational on November 30, 1998.

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act enacted November 30, 1993), often referred to as the Brady Act or the Brady Bill, is an Act of the United States Congress that mandated federal background checks on firearm purchasers in the United States, and imposed a five-day waiting period on purchases, until the NICS system was implemented in 1998. The original legislation was introduced into the House of Representatives by Representative Charles E. Schumer in March 1991, but was never brought to a vote. The bill was reintroduced by Rep. Schumer on February 22, 1993 and the final version was passed on November 11, 1993. It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993 and the law went into effect on February 28, 1994. The Act was named after James Brady, who was shot by John Hinckley Jr. during an attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981.

Brady Bill signed into law

During a White House ceremony attended by James S. Brady, President Bill Clinton signs the Brady handgun-control bill into law. The law requires a prospective handgun buyer to wait five business days while the authorities check on his or her background, during which time the sale is approved or prohibited based on an established set of criteria. In 1981, James Brady, who served as press secretary for President Ronald Reagan, was shot in the head by John Hinckley, Jr., during an attempt on President Reagan’s life outside a hotel in Washington, D.C. Reagan himself was shot in his left lung but recovered and returned to the White House within two weeks. Brady, the most seriously injured in the attack, was momentarily pronounced dead at the hospital but survived and began an impressive recovery from his debilitating brain injury. During the 1980s, Brady became a leading proponent of gun-control legislation and in 1987 succeeded in getting a bill introduced into Congress.

The Brady Bill, as it became known, was staunchly opposed by many congressmen, who, in reference to the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, questioned the constitutionality of regulating the ownership of arms. In 1993, with the support of President Bill Clinton, an advocate of gun control, the Brady Bill became law.

The Brady Bill requires that background checks be conducted on individuals before a firearm may be purchased from a federally licensed dealer, manufacturer or importer unless an exception applies. If there are no additional state restrictions, a firearm may be transferred to an individual upon approval by the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) maintained by the FBI. In some states, proof of a previous background check can be used to bypass the NICS check. For example, a state-issued concealed carry permit usually includes a background check equivalent to the one required by the Act. Other alternatives to the NICS check include state-issued handgun purchase permits or mandatory state or local background checks.

In Section 922(g) of title 18, United States Code the Brady Bill prohibits certain persons from shipping or transporting any firearm in interstate or foreign commerce, or receiving any firearm which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce, or possessing any firearm in or affecting commerce. These prohibitions apply to any person who:

• Has been convicted in any court of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year;
• Is a fugitive from justice;
• Is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance;
• Has been adjudicated as a mental defective or committed to a mental institution;
• Is an alien illegally or unlawfully in the United States;
• Has been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonourable conditions;
• Having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced U.S. citizenship;
• Is subject to a court order that restrains the person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner or child of such intimate partner, or;
• Has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanour crime of domestic violence.

Section 922(n) of title 18, Utah Code makes it unlawful for any person who is under indictment for a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year to ship or transport any firearm in interstate or foreign commerce, or receive any firearm which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce. After a prospective buyer completes the appropriate form, the holder of a Federal Firearms License (FFL) initiates the background check by phone or computer. Most checks are determined within minutes. If a determination is not obtained within three business days then the transfer may legally be completed. Firearm transfers by unlicensed private sellers that are “not engaged in the business” of dealing firearms are not subject to the Brady Act, but may be covered under other federal, state, and local restrictions. The Brady Bill also does not apply to licensed Curios & Relics (C&R) collectors, but only in respect to C&R firearms. The FFL Category 03 Curio & Relic license costs $30 and is valid for three years. Licensed C&R collectors may also purchase C&R firearms from private individuals or from federal firearms dealers, whether in their home state or in another state, and ship C&R firearms in interstate commerce by common carrier. The regulation further states:

To be recognized as curios or relics, firearms must fall within one of the following categories:
• Firearms which were manufactured at least 50 years prior to the current date, but not including replicas thereof;
• Firearms which are certified by the curator of a municipal, State, or Federal museum which exhibits firearms to be curios or relics of museum interest; or
• Any other firearms which derive a substantial part of their monetary value from the fact that they are novel, rare, bizarre, or because of their association with some historical figure, period, or event. Proof of qualification of a particular firearm under this category may be established by evidence of present value and evidence that like firearms are not available except as collector’s items, or that the value of like firearms available in ordinary commercial channels is substantially less.

The Brady Act

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 (“Brady Act”) effected amendments to the GCA, originally imposing a five-day waiting period for law enforcement to review the background of a prospective handgun purchaser before a licensed dealer was entitled to complete the sale of a handgun to that person. The purpose of the check is to allow law enforcement to confirm that the prospective buyer is not a prohibited purchaser (see discussion of “prohibited purchaser” in connection with the FFA, above, and the posts on Background Checks and Prohibited Purchasers Generally) before the sale is consummated. The five-day waiting period has now been replaced with an instant check system, which can be extended to three days when the results of the check are not clear. Persons who have a federal firearms license or a state-issued permit to possess or acquire a firearm (such as a state-issued concealed carry permit that is valid for not more than five years) are not subject to the waiting period requirement. As more states enact “shall issue” concealed carry permit laws, this category of persons exempt from the Brady Act increases. In 1998, the Act became applicable to shotguns and rifles.

The Brady Act is codified at 18 U.S.C. § 921 et seq. Additional details about the Brady Act may be found in the posts discussing federal law on Background Checks, Prohibited Purchasers Generally and Dealer Regulations.
Notice that firearms are prohibited may be given by:
• Personal communication to the actor by the church or organization or a person with authority to act for the person or entity;
• Posting of signs reasonably likely to come to the attention of persons entering the house of worship or private residence;
• Announcement by a person with authority to act for the church or organization operating the house of worship in a regular congregational meeting in the house of worship;
• Publication in a bulletin, newsletter, worship program or similar document generally circulated or available to the members of the congregation regularly meeting in the house of worship; or
• Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the house of worship is located or if the church or organization operating the house of worship has its principal office in this state.

Minimum Age to Purchase & Possess in Utah

Utah law provides that no person under age 18 may possess a handgun, sawed-off rifle, sawed–off shotgun, or fully automatic weapon. The state further prohibits any person under 18 years of age from possessing any other firearm (i.e., a rifle or shotgun) unless he or she:
• Has the permission of one’s parent or guardian to have the weapon; or
• Is accompanied by a parent or guardian while in possession of the gun.
Exceptions regarding possession of handguns by minors include any person:
• Firing at lawfully operated target concessions at amusement parks, piers, and similar locations provided the firearms to be used are firmly chained or affixed to the counters;
• In attendance at a hunter’s safety course or a firearms safety course;
• Engaging in practice or any other lawful use of a firearm at an established range or any other area where the discharge of a firearm is not prohibited by state or local law;
• Engaging in an organized competition involving the use of a firearm, or participating in or practicing for such competition;
• Under age 18 who is on real property with the permission of the owner, licensee, or lessee of the property and who has the permission of a parent or legal guardian or the owner, licensee, or lessee to possess a firearm not otherwise in violation of law;

Any person under 14 years of age in possession of a dangerous weapon shall be accompanied by a responsible adult. A “dangerous weapon” is “any item that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.” An applicant for a concealed firearms permit must be 21 years of age or older. Applicants between the ages of 18 and 20 may apply for a provisional permit that allows the permittee to carry in the state without restriction except for elementary and secondary school campuses.

Free Initial Consultation with Lawyer

It’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when. Legal problems come to everyone. Whether it’s your son who gets in a car wreck, your uncle who loses his job and needs to file for bankruptcy, your sister’s brother who’s getting divorced, or a grandparent that passes away without a will -all of us have legal issues and questions that arise. So when you have a law question, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you!

Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C
West Jordan, Utah
84088 United States
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Ascent Law St. George Utah Office

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from Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/brady-handgun-violence-protection-act/

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Utah Personal Injury Lawyers

Personal injury lawyers help individuals who have sustained injuries in accidents to recover financial compensation.

These funds are often needed to pay for medical treatment, make up for lost wages, pain and suffering, and provide compensation for injuries suffered. Personal injuries Lawyer specialize in tort law, which covers all civil litigation for injuries or wrongdoings resulting from negligence. The main goal of personal injury lawyers who practice tort law is to make their client (the injured “plaintiff”) whole again and discourage others from committing a similar offense. Common examples of personal injury practice areas include motor vehicle accidents, slip and fall accidents, defective products, workplace injuries and medical malpractice. A personal injury lawyer can help in a number of different judicial forums. For example, he or she may help with informal negotiation with the insurance company before or after a case is filed in court.

Alternatively, they may help litigate a case if the settlement offer is not satisfactory to the client or the claim is denied. However, personal injury lawyers can also help in other types of forums such as alternative dispute resolution. Arbitration may be required if the victim’s own insurance company is involved. This involves presenting a case in front of a neutral arbitrator who makes a binding decision. Mediation consists of the victim and the person responsible for the injury working together to reach a solution out of court with the help of a third-party neutral. (See more on mediation and arbitration.) The law defines personal injury as an injury to the body, mind, or emotions. This is in contrast to an injury to property. Personal injury lawsuits fall under US civil and tort law. Tort law concerns acts that cause harm but are not necessarily illegal as with criminal law.

Personal injury lawyers, also known as plaintiff lawyers or trial lawyers deal with cases concerning:

• Personal injury resulting in serious injuries or death of a family member
• Medical malpractice and harm
• Cases of assault and battery
• Insurance companies’ refusal to pay for medical expenses of the injured party or whose coverage is less than what was contracted
• Slander, libel and defamation
• Product fault and liability
• Injuries occurring while on the land or premise of the accused party

Tips on Choosing Great Personal Injury Lawyers

Many people in Utah rely on personal injury attorneys to help them claim compensation for their loss, accidents or injuries. They also provide an opportunity for people to rebuild their lives following an unfortunate accident or injury. If others have been negligent, reckless, have committed malpractice or have even deliberately acted in a way that has caused you unnecessary and undue suffering, that’s when you need to be thinking about claiming compensation. Such compensation can cover any lost wages that you would have earned had you not been injured, medical expenses incurred and costs for disability, defamation, emotional suffering or various other categories of loss. Some of the most common types of injury claim in Utah include accidents at work (where you’d sue your employer/their insurer), road traffic accident claims (where you’d sue the driver responsible for your accident/their insurer), slips/falls in public places and medical malpractice. There are, of course, many other types of accident claims, some of which are very niche and for which specialist types of personal injury lawyers should be considered. What will your personal injury attorney do if you instruct them? They’ll investigate your claim fully, acquire all relevant evidence, research the relevant law, draft pleas, interview witnesses, advise you as their client, negotiate to try to claim for you the maximum amount of compensation you could claim and more. Most personal injury lawsuits settle outside of court so not all personal injury attorneys will have a good deal of trial experience. Given that there are tens of thousands of personal injury Lawyers in the Utah today, finding one locally, with great experience, knowledge, reviews and testimonials can be tough.

Some of the questions you should ask yourself when looking for your injury Lawyer are:

• Are they licensed?
• How much experience do they have for your type of claim?
• How many great online reviews / testimonials do they have?
• What accreditations do they have?
• Are they specialists in the area of personal injury claim that you need?
• Have they won any awards?
• Do they offer no win no fee or other enticing feeing arrangement?
• Do they offer a free initial legal consultation?
These are just some of the questions you should be asking. It’s also best to visit several and acquiring various quotes before making your mind up about who to instruct.

How A Personal Injury Lawyer Can Help You

The idea of talking to a personal injury lawyer may be intimidating to some individuals. Once you’ve been hurt and you know someone else is at fault, but maybe you think addressing the issue on your own is easier. Your thought may be to submit an insurance claim and wait for the payment to be made. However, there are many ways a personal injury lawyer can significantly enhance your chance of getting paid for your medical bills and other damages incurred. Sometimes personal injury claims can be very complicated, most especially if multiple parties are involved in the collision. It can also be complicated to make claims if your injuries are severe and will require treatment for a long duration, or lead to some degree of disability. A personal injury lawyer can help to ensure that you get a fair settlement for your claim. If you handle it all alone, there is high tendency of getting less than your claim is actually worth. Once you hire a personal injury attorney, your attorney can take care of the case and also deal with the necessary details while you concentrate on recovering from the injuries you sustain and also take care of your family. There are some steps along the process after your accident where an experienced Utah personal injury lawyer can be valuable. There is need for you to gather evidence to support your allegations that the other person caused your accident, and that you have sustained injuries that can be compensated financially whenever you have an accident and want to make a claim for your injuries. A personal injury lawyer will know the kind of evidence you need, how to source for such evidence, and how to prove with the evidence that the other person’s recklessness, negligence, or intentional actions caused your injuries. Your lawyer should also have a set of experienced people who can assist with the various aspect of the investigation. Such individuals may include a physician who can perform an assessment on your injuries, an accident reconstruction expert, or an appraisal that can assist to determine the value of the damaged property. After gathering all the evidence, your lawyer will put it into writing as a demand letter to the insurance company of the individual that caused your injuries.

The demand letter will state clearly what happened to you, how you are affected, and also make a demand for the compensation owed to you based on such facts and evidence. The demand letter is the first step to take in the process of negotiation. A good personal injury attorney brings to the negotiations knowledge of Utah law, insurance policies, and the claims processes, as well as an understanding of the approach most insurance companies use to try to minimize the amount they pay out. Your lawyer can negotiate on your behalf based on his or her knowledge so as to get a reasonable settlement for you. A lawsuit may become necessary if the insurance company refuse to pay you. A good personal injury lawyer brings your case to the state and federal court where your case will be heard, including working with judges, clerks, and the lawyer who may be representing the other side. Your lawyer will also be with you through every step of the litigation process, from writing and filing the complaint to trying the case in the court. Your claim may end up hinging some part of Utah or federal law, in which case you would want an attorney who understands the law in details and can make the best possible arguments on your behalf. When you or a family member have experienced personal injury caused by an individual or corporate entity, you will be faced with a multitude of concerns not normally considered in daily life. Questions will arise around medical bills, compensation, insurance coverage, and whether hiring a lawyer is going to be necessary. At a time when you are feeling your most vulnerable, these complex logistical details can become an overwhelming burden.

Thankfully, there is help. There are two parts to any personal injury or wrongful death claim. The first part is a liability question. Is the other person or corporation responsible for the damages that have been done? The second part of the claim is about damages. This is a description of how much the injured party has lost, and therefore how much they are due. By determining who is going to be liable and the severity of the damages, the basis of a personal injury case is outlined. This guide to personal and bodily injury claims is designed to provide you with an overview of the procedure, and give you an idea of what to expect as you make your way through the maze of the personal injury legal world.

Types of Personal Injuries

Personal injury claims are made in a civil court. This is different than most of the court cases we see in movies and TV shows, which feature a criminal court. In criminal cases, the state brings forward a case against the alleged perpetrator of the crime, in order to determine if they are guilty or not guilty. The state asks the court to provide punishment for the criminal based on their unlawful acts. It is important to be aware that civil court is quite different from criminal court. In civil law for personal injury, the individual who has been injured sues the responsible party and a case is made against the person or organization who is blamed for the injury. The injured party asks for a monetary award to compensate them for their losses. Although money cannot bring back someone’s health after an injury, or fully restore someone’s reputation after being slandered, it can pay for medical care or lost wages. “Pain and suffering” monetary awards will compensate the injured party to some extent, but they are not specifically designed to punish the responsible party. The legal question to be considered in a personal injury case is whether or not the defendant is actually responsible for causing injury to the aggrieved party. If you have been injured, it is important to determine if you have been injured wrongly. If a person or a business is in any way responsible for your injury, you could decide that a legal claim for damages is appropriate. Be certain to discuss your situation with a personal injury lawyer, such as those at Acadia Law Group, in order to understand your options. Not every injury is wrongful, and not every personal injury will be legally compensated.

These are some of the most common types of situations that can cause most personal injuries, although this list is not comprehensive.

Auto Accidents: A car accident is the most common type of personal injury claim. Many medical issues arise, both temporarily and permanently, for those who have been involved in an auto accident. This includes drivers, passengers, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Repairs to vehicles, medical costs, lost wages and many other losses are part of auto accident claims.
Slip and Fall: In a Slip and Fall case the injured person sues the property owner for a lack of maintenance of their premises. There must be enough negligence to cause adequate danger of the injury.

Dog Bites: Dog owners are generally responsible for any injuries caused by their dogs. The laws vary from state to state, but a claim for a loss due to a dog bite can be made in all 50 states. Usually these only include medical bills, but they could include lost wages or other damages.
Medical Malpractice: If a healthcare professional is negligent in their care of a patient, a medical malpractice claim may be in order. The laws are very specific, and vary state to state. You will need to prove that not only was the care provider was negligent, but that their negligence caused your injury, and that there is a specific loss as a result.
Toxic Tort: Exposure to a dangerous chemical that causes an injury with a loss is called toxic tort. This could be contaminated water, work related chemicals, or even medications.

Assault, Battery, and Intentional Torts: When someone has been tried or convicted of assault or battery in criminal court, they can then be sued by the injured party in civil court. The injured party can claim damages, no matter if the harm was accidental or intentional.

Defamation of Character Through Libel or Slander: You can make a personal injury claim if someone lies about you and your reputation is injured. There must be a loss incurred, the same as other personal injury cases. Stating an opinion is not considered defamation, and telling the truth, no matter how it impacts someone’s reputation, is always an excellent defense.

Always seek the appropriate medical attention, first and foremost. Call 911 if necessary. Visit a doctor. Make sure that the injured party receives the medical attention they require, before all else. If there is any risk of further injury, secure the scene and make sure everyone is safely out of harm’s way. As soon as everyone is safe, document what has happened. Be thorough and as detailed as possible. These days, everyone owns a smartphone which makes the documentation process much easier. Take photos of any vehicles involved, the area surrounding the accident, and any damage, plus take videos of witnesses as they describe what happened and provide you with their contact information. Make sure you keep every single receipt. Every single one. Medical bills, prescriptions, over-the-counter medicines (like Tylenol), car repairs, clothing tailoring or replacement if your clothes were damaged, bicycle repairs. Keep everything. Your losses can only be calculated if there is evidence of your costs. Don’t judge the seriousness of an injury right away. Many times, internal injuries are not obvious until later. Visit a doctor and wait for a professional evaluation. Contact your insurance company. Whether you will be filing insurance claim or not, contact your insurance company as quickly as possible. The other person or organization may have an insurance company they have contacted, so it is important to alert your provider about what happened before they are contacted by the other company. Discuss how to handle any immediate medical expenses, as your insurance company may cover them. You may be required to pay initial expenses out of your own pocket.

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Is Section 42 Applicable To Private Companies?

A private placement is a sale of stock shares or bonds to pre-selected investors and institutions rather than on the open market. It is an alternative to an initial public offering (IPO) for a company seeking to raise capital for expansion. Investors invited to participate in private placement programs include wealthy individual investors, banks and other financial institutions, mutual funds, insurance companies, and pension funds. Private placement is a cost effective way of raising capital without going public. A private placement is a method for both public and private companies to raise capital through the private sale of corporate debt or equity securities, to a limited number of qualified investors (aka lenders); it is an alternative to traditional capital sources, such as bank debt, or issuing securities on the public bond market.

Who can issue private placement?

A public company or private company can issue shares on private placement basis.

Maximum number of person to whom private placement can be made
Private placement can be made to maximum 50 persons or higher number prescribed in a financial year, excluding (a) Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)(b) employees under stock option scheme under section 62(1)(b) of Companies Act, 2013.

Maximum limit for making offer for Private placement

Offer or invitation can be made to not more than two hundred persons in the aggregate in a financial year, excluding offer to QIB and Employees stock option. This restriction would be reckoned individually for each kind of security that is equity share, preference share or debenture [i.e. 200 for equity shares, 200 for preference shares and 200 for debentures]. However, unless allotment with respect to one kind of security is completed, another kind of security shall not be issued. For example, if equity shares are issued first, preference shares or debentures cannot be issued unless allotment of equity shares is completed. This restriction does not apply to issues by NBFC registered with RBI and housing finance companies registered with NHB (National Housing Bank). If RBI or NHB has not specified similar regulation, the provision of Companies Act shall apply.

What is the time limit for making allotment?

Allotment must be made within 60 days. If not made within 60 days, amount should be refunded within 15 days. Otherwise, interest @ 12% will be payable. The money shall be kept in a separate bank account, either for allotment or for repayment. The offer shall be made to specific persons by name and complete information and record of such offer shall be filed with ROC within 30 days of circulation of private placement offer. No advertisement through media, marketing or distribution channels or agents shall be made of such offer. Return of allotment with complete details of security holders shall be filed with Registrar.

Payment only from bank account of person making application

The payment for subscription to securities shall be made from the bank account of the person subscribing to such securities only. The company shall keep the record of the Bank account from where such payments for subscriptions have been received. Monies payable on subscription to securities to be held by joint holders shall be paid from the bank account of the person whose name appears first in the application – Rule 14(2)(d) of Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014.

Record of private placement

The company shall maintain a complete record of private placement offers in Form PAS.5. A copy of such record along with the private placement offer letter in Form PAS.4 shall be filed with the Registrar with prescribed fees, within 30 days from date of the private placement offer letter. If the company is listed, copy of such record shall also be submitted to SEBI, within 30 days from date of the private placement offer letter – Rule 14(3) of Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014.

Return of allotment

A return of allotment of securities under section 42 (private placement) shall be filed with the Registrar within 30 of allotment in Form PAS.3 with fee. The return should be filed along with a complete list of all security holders containing –

• the full name, address, Permanent Account Number and E-mail ID of such security holder
• the class of security held
• the date of allotment of security
• the number of securities held, nominal value and amount paid on such securities; and particulars of consideration received if the securities were issued for consideration other than cash.

Pre-certification of form

The PAS.3 form filed by company (other than OPC and small company) shall be pre-certified by practicing CA, CMA or CS. (form filed by OPC or small company is not required to be certified by practicing CA, CMA or CS).

Requirements for Private Company for Private Placement In Utah

As per Section 23 of the Companies Act, 2013 a private company may issue shares by:
• An offer of private placement can be made to a maximum of 200 individuals in a single financial year.
• A private placement letter is sent to applicants (coded with serial numbers) electronically or in writing.
• In the case of issue of shares, a special resolution needs to be passed by the existing shareholders. (Form MGT 14)
• The value of the shares should be certified by a Chartered Accountant (CA) with at least 10 years of experience.
• The payment for securities should be made directly from the bank account for the individual subscribing.
• Securities should be allocated within 60 days of receipt of the application money. If securities are not allocated (because of oversubscription or inability to raise enough capital), then the application money should be refunded within 15 days post the expiry of 60 days. If a company still fails to do so, then the company is liable to pay a 12% interest on the application amount.
The company must file the following with the Registrar of Companies:
• PAS-3 (The return of security allotment within 30 days of allotment)
• PAS-4 (Private placement offer letter)
• PAS-5 (Complete record of private placement)

Ways Private Companies can Raise Capital

Running a business requires a great deal of capital. Capital can take different forms, from human and labour capital to economic capital. But when most of us hear the term financial capital, the first thing that comes to mind is usually money. While it can mean different things, it isn’t necessarily untrue. Financial capital is represented by assets, securities, and yes, cash. Having access to cash can mean the difference between companies expanding or staying behind and being left in the lurch. There are two types of capital that a company can use to fund operations: Debt and equity. Prudent corporate finance practice involves determining the mix of debt and equity that is most cost-effective.

Debt Capital

Debt capital is also referred to as debt financing. Funding by means of debt capital happens when a company borrows money and agrees to pay it back to the lender at a later date. The most common types of debt capital company use are loans and bonds—the two most common ways larger companies use to fuel their expansion plans or to fund new projects. Smaller businesses may even use credit cards to raise their own capital. A company looking to raise capital through debt may need to approach a bank for a loan, where the bank becomes the lender and the company becomes the debtor. In exchange for the loan, the bank charges interest, which the company will note, along with the loan, on its balance sheet. The other option is to issue corporate bonds. These bonds are sold to investors—also known as bondholders or lenders—and mature after a certain date.

Before reaching maturity, the company is responsible for issuing interest payments on the bond to investors. Because they generally come with a high amount of risk—the chances of default are higher than bonds issued by the government—they pay a much higher yield. The money raised from bond issuance can be used by the company for its expansion plans. While this is a great way to raise much-needed money, debt capital does come with a downside. This expense, incurred just for the privilege of accessing funds, is referred to as the cost of debt capital. Interest payments must be made to lenders regardless of business performance. In a low season or bad economy, a highly-leveraged company may have debt payments that exceed its revenue.

Debt Capital Scenarios

Let’s look at the loan scenario as an example. Assume a company takes out a $100,000 business loan from a bank that carries a 6% annual interest rate. If the loan is repaid one year later, the total amount repaid is $100,000 x 1.06, or $106,000. Of course, most loans are not repaid so quickly, so the actual amount of compounded interest on such a large loan can add up quickly. Now let’s take a look at an example of bonds as debt capital. Company A is an airline company that wants to finance a series of purchases for some new aircraft. Instead of going to the banks for a loan, the company may decide to issue debt in the form of bonds that mature within ten years. Investors can purchase these bonds in exchange for interest payments. Lenders are guaranteed payment on outstanding debts even in the absence of adequate revenue.

Equity Capital

Equity capital, on the other hand, is generated not by borrowing, but by selling shares of company stock. If taking on more debt is not financially viable, a company can raise capital by selling additional shares. These can be either common shares or preferred shares. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights, but doesn’t really give them much else in terms of importance. They are at the bottom of the ladder, meaning their ownership isn’t prioritized as other shareholders are. If the company goes under or liquidates, other creditors and shareholders are paid first. Preferred shares are unique in that payment of a specified dividend is guaranteed before any such payments are made on common shares. In exchange, preferred shareholders have limited ownership rights and have no voting rights.

The primary benefit of raising equity capital is that, unlike debt capital, the company is not required to repay shareholder investment. Instead, the cost of equity capital refers to the amount of return on investment shareholders expect based on the performance of the larger market. These returns come from the payment of dividends and stock valuation. The disadvantage to equity capital is that each shareholder owns a small piece of the company, so ownership becomes diluted. Business owners are also beholden to their shareholders and must ensure the company remains profitable to maintain an elevated stock valuation while continuing to pay any expected dividends. Debt-holders are generally known as lenders, while equity holders are known as investors. Because preferred shareholders have a higher claim on company assets, the risk to preferred shareholders is lower than to common shareholders, who occupy the bottom of the payment food chain. Therefore, the cost of capital for the sale of preferred shares is lower than for the sale of common shares. In comparison, both types of equity capital are typically more costly than debt capital, since lenders are always guaranteed payment by law.

Equity Capital Scenario

As mentioned above, some companies choose not to borrow more money to raise their capital. Perhaps they’re already leveraged and just can’t take on any more debt. They may turn to the market to raise some cash. A start-up company may raise capital through angel investors and venture capitalists. Private companies, on the other hand, may decide to go public by issuing an initial public offering (IPO). This is done by issuing stock on the primary market—usually to institutional investors—after which shares are traded on the secondary market by investors.

Private placements can be done by either private companies wishing to acquire a few select investors or by publicly traded companies as a secondary stock offering.

When a publicly-traded company issues a private placement, existing shareholders often sustain at least a short-term loss from the resulting dilution of their shares. However, stockholders may see long-term gains if the company can effectively invest the extra capital obtained and ultimately increase its revenues and profitability.

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Tooele Utah Divorce Attorney

If you are living in Tooele Utah and you are seeking a divorce, seek the assistance of an experienced Tooele Utah divorce lawyer.
Americans in particular have examined divorce from every angle, often reproaching themselves and their tension-laden, urban, industrial society for making divorce a widespread American phenomenon. The historical record, however, indicates that contemporary American divorce is more than a recent outgrowth of a troubled modern society. American divorce has a long and venerable history: Puritan settlers first introduced it in the American colonies during the early 1600s. The resulting institution of American divorce was vital, and growing, long before late twentieth- century Americans carried it to its current state.

Many opposed divorce in the past, and many continue to oppose it today. Over the years, critics and opponents of divorce have maintained that marriage is a religious sacrament and a lifetime undertaking. In their eyes, the growth of divorce signaled impending breakdown and disintegration of the American family.

Opponents of divorce usually believed that marriages should be terminated only for the reason stated in the Bible: adultery. As a result, some supported restrictive divorce statutes stipulating only adultery as a ground for divorce, while others were willing to accept other limited grounds as causes for divorce, such as consanguinity and insanity. Although critics of divorce usually condoned the dissolution of marriage by annulment, not all thought that divorce of bed and board–a limited divorce that prohibited remarriage–was valid. They also strongly opposed migratory divorce, in which divorce- seekers fled strict laws in their own home jurisdictions to obtain divorces in more permissive states, territories, or countries.

On the other side of the divorce issue were people who argued that marriage was a contract, and that parties to any contract had the right to dissolve it. They also maintained that divorce was not the root cause of family disintegration. Rather, they saw divorce as a symptom, not a disease; as a cough is to a cold. Divorce was little more than a sign of turmoil and transition in the American family. Divorce was after the fact; it was the final seal of a couple’s need to separate rather than the reason for their decision. Consequently, divorce was a result rather than a cause of changes in the institution of the American family.

Supporters of divorce often hoped that ease of divorce would eventually lead to equality and reciprocity in marriage. A growing number believed that divorce was a citizen’s right in a democratic society. If divorces were easy to obtain for many causes ranging from adultery to mental abuse, there would seldom be reason for a couple to choose annulment, divorce of bed and board, or migratory divorce as a solution to their problems.
During the formative years of the new nation, a growing number of wives and husbands sought divorces. Then, as now, divorce fit well with American democracy and individualism. Divorce allowed people to make choices and reorder their lives when they deemed it necessary. It also underwrote the pursuit of personal happiness as a desirable goal. Gradually, proponents of divorce began to maintain that divorce was a citizen’s right in democratic America: a civil liberty rather than a social ill.

As the great American debate between the anti-divorce and pro- divorce factions ebbed and flowed, legislators adjusted, and usually expanded, divorce legislation. They sometimes created compromise legislation to please opposing factions, but other times they simply translated prevailing ideas about divorce into law.7 Reforms were often hasty, ill-conceived, and adopted under pressure from whichever faction had momentary influence with a particular group of legislators. As a result, divorce laws and policies often negatively affected the very people they were supposed to help: divorce-seeking men, women, and their children.

Even as Americans debated divorce, it gradually spread and became easier to obtain. Today you can seek a divorce in Utah on many grounds including no fault. Speak to an experienced Tooele Utah divorce lawyer to know the various grounds for divorce in Utah.

In a contested divorce, you may sometimes need to use an expert witness. Expert evidence is a critical component of many types of civil litigation, and some critics have argued that too much “junk science” is admitted into evidence. In their view, juries have often been overly influenced by expert evidence that is not based on a solid scientific footing. Other critics have argued that novel expert evidence or evidence about which reasonable experts could disagree is too often barred from cases and that injured plaintiffs are not compensated as a result. In June 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court responded to the growing controversy about expert evidence by issuing the Daubert decision which clarified the role of federal judges as “gatekeepers” and established a new standard for how judges were to decide whether expert evidence was to be admitted.

Before Daubert, there was not a universally followed standard for determining the admissibility of expert evidence in the federal courts. The two leading approaches were based on relevance and general acceptance in the scientific community. Advocates of the relevance standard argued that expert evidence should be admitted if relevant, as long as the expert was properly qualified and admission would not prejudice or mislead the jury. They believed that “junk science” could be excluded by ensuring that experts were qualified. The general acceptance standard, also known as the Frye standard in reference to the 1923 federal decision that established the principle, required not only relevance and proper expert qualifications but also “general acceptance in the particular field in which it the evidence belongs”. Although the two standards were in conflict, there was little debate about the issue in the 1950s and 1960s because “controversy concerning the validity of scientific techniques did not exist at that time”.

Indeed, when the Federal Rules of Evidence were adopted in the 1970s, they did not directly address the conflict. Rule 702 informs judges that expert evidence should be admitted “[i]f scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue” (Federal Rules of Evidence, 1997). This could be read as consistent with either of the competing standards. In consequence, before Daubert, the relevance standard or the general acceptance standard continued to be the guide for admissibility decisions for expert evidence in federal court.

By the early 1990s, many observers felt that the existing system of judicial scrutiny of expert evidence was inadequate. Scientific and technical evidence was playing a more important role in many cases, and the conflict between the relevance and general acceptance standards was increasingly obvious as different federal courts came to different conclusions about the appropriate standard for admissibility. The relevance standard was attacked for letting in too much junk science and leaving assessment of scientific reliability entirely up to the jury. Meanwhile, others argued that the general acceptance standard, by deferring to the current consensus of the expert community, excluded novel science that was quite reliable. By 1992, two experts concluded that the dispute about standards for admitting scientific evidence was the “most controversial and important unresolved question” in federal evidence law.

In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, the Supreme Court explained that the Federal Rules of Evidence had superseded Frye and that general acceptance would not be the sole standard for admissibility of expert testimony. At the same time, the Court also rejected the view that all relevant testimony offered by qualified experts should be admitted. Interpreting Federal Rule of Evidence 702, the Daubert decision directed judges to examine the method or reasoning underlying the expert evidence and to admit only evidence that is both relevant and reliable. No longer can judges defer to the appropriate expert community to determine whether the evidence is reliable, and no longer can judges leave this determination to the jury. The Supreme Court affirmed that trial court judges have not only the “power but the obligation to act as a “gatekeeper’”, screening scientific evidence to ensure that what is admitted is both relevant and reliable. Reliability as used by the Supreme Court refers to “evidentiary reliability—that is, trustworthiness.” For a case involving scientific evidence, evidentiary reliability is based on “scientific validity,” which implies a grounding in the methods and procedures of science.

In Daubert, the Supreme Court provided a list of factors that judges might consider when determining whether a theory or methodology is scientifically valid:
• whether it can be (and has been) tested
• whether it has been subjected to peer review and publication
• the known or potential rate of error
• the existence and maintenance of standards controlling the technique’s operation
• whether it is generally accepted in the scientific community.12
The Supreme Court emphasized that judges are not obligated to consider these factors (which have come to be called the Daubert factors) in every case and that other factors can enter their evaluations. General acceptance in the scientific community thus became only one of many factors that might enter into the assessment.

The Supreme Court confirmed and extended the Daubert decision in two subsequent cases, in General Electric Co. v. Joiner in 1997, the Court examined the proper standard that appellate courts should use when reviewing a trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence, concluding that appellate courts should not overturn the admissibility decision of a trial court unless the trial court has abused its discretion. The Court also applied the Daubert approach for evaluating the reliability of scientific evidence, thus reinforcing Daubert. Two years later, in Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, the Court explicitly extended the Daubert approach to expert evidence outside fields narrowly defined as scientific. Kumho clarified that judges are to ensure the relevance and reliability of all expert evidence not just expert evidence in so-called “hard” sciences, such as chemistry and toxicology. The Court also confirmed that the Daubert factors are illustrative of factors that judges should consider in evaluating reliability but are neither mandatory nor exhaustive.

In December 2000, an amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 took effect its aim being to codify and clarify the principles established by the Supreme Count in Daubert. Rule 702 now explicitly state that in order for expert testimony to be admissible, it must be “based on sufficient facts or data,” it must be “the product of reliable principles and methods,” and it must involve reliable application of the principles and methods to the facts of the case (Federal Rules of Evidence, 2000).

Plaintiffs and defendants introduce expert evidence to bolster their case. Whether and what type of expert evidence is introduced depend on expectations about the probability that the evidence will be challenged and, if challenged, the probability that it will be admitted. The decision to propose expert evidence also depends on expectations about the effect the evidence will have on the outcome of the case if it is admitted and the costs of preparing expert evidence and fending off challenges. Parties that challenge expert evidence presumably also weigh the cost of a challenge against the expectation that the challenge will succeed and the effect that exclusion of the evidence will have on the outcome of the case. The expectation that the challenge will be successful is based on perceptions about the standards judges apply in evaluating expert evidence and experience with similar challenges in the past Challengers must also decide the basis on which to challenge the evidence.

Judges decide whether challenged expert evidence should be admitted. They may use three major criteria in making tills decision:
• Reliability: Is the evidence genuine, valid knowledge from the expert’s field?
• Relevance: Will the evidence assist the trier of fact in determining a fact at Issue?
• Qualifications: Does the expert have specialized knowledge in the field relevant to the testimony?
Judges may also take other factors into account in their decision, such as whether the evidence is unfairly prejudicial (Rule 403 in the Federal Rules of Evidence) or is based on privileged information.

Practitioners we interviewed believed that judges usually restrict their evaluations of expert evidence to the issues raised by the challengers, but that they sometimes examine issues not raised by the challengers and occasionally even initiate challenges to expert evidence themselves.

If you believe your divorce litigation requires expert witness, speak to an experienced Tooele Utah divorce lawyer. The lawyer can determine if the expert testimony will meet the requirements under Daubert.

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If you have a question about divorce law or if you need to start or defend against a divorce case in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.

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